The phenomenon of Hypoxia when on a plane: causes, symptoms, and how to handle it

 

Flying on a plane is a common mode of transportation for millions of people around the world. While air travel is generally safe, there are certain factors that can affect passengers' well-being, one of them being a lack of oxygen. In this article, we will explore the causes, signs, and ways to handle the phenomenon of lack of oxygen when on a plane.

Hypoxia

What is hypoxia?

Hypoxia is a disorder caused by the oxygen-consuming organisms' inability to feed their tissues with enough oxygen. It can be simply referred to as oxygen deficiency. Hypoxia can be seen in high-altitude flights and dives at shallow levels, and hypoxia may also occur as a result of major disorders. Although it is rarely seen during flight, it is a serious disorder that requires professional help. 

 

What causes hypoxia during flight?

Oxygen levels are always sufficient in planes. High-altitude flights make it difficult to saturate the blood with oxygen because the cabin pressure is very low. In such moments, oxygen-carrying blood cells do not perform their duties adequately resulting in the tissues to be fed with less oxygen. When the amount of oxygen may decrease, especially passengers with cardiovascular, respiratory and lung diseases should pay attention to this. On long-haul flights, healthy individuals are not affected by low cabin pressure at high altitudes; but especially among patients with lung and heart problems,  visual impairment, respiratory failure, shortness of breath and loss of consciousness may occur. 

Under normal conditions, partial oxygen pressure in the human body should be at least 0.16. Below 0.16 hypoxia occurs. 

Photo: Boldmethod

What are the symptoms of hypoxia? 

• Fatigue and dizziness: A reduced oxygen supply can lead to feelings of tiredness and dizziness, making passengers feel lethargic and less alert during the flight.
• Shortness of breath: Difficulty in breathing or feeling breathless, especially during physical exertion, can be a sign of insufficient oxygen levels. 
• Headaches: Lack of oxygen can cause headaches or migraines, which can range from mild to severe.
• Cyanosis: In extreme cases, the lips, fingertips, or other extremities may turn bluish due to a lack of oxygen in the blood.
• Impaired cognitive function: Insufficient oxygen can affect cognitive abilities, leading to difficulties in concentration, memory, and decision-making.
• Dull look 

  

  Headaches while on an airplane can be a symptom of hypoxia

What should be done in the case of hypoxia?

In the case of hypoxia, an expert should definitely intervene. Depending on the causes of hypoxia, it is necessary to open the airway to facilitate the breathing of the patient and to speed the blood circulation. For a person who has been exposed to hypoxia for a long time, the situation can be very serious. Therefore, patients with heart, lung and respiratory diseases should consult their doctor before flying.

Ways to avoid hypoxia

Hypoxia occurs at low oxygen levels. In order not to be exposed to hypoxia, it is necessary to avoid such environments. 

For high-altitude flights, it is advisable to avoid fizzy drinks to minimize the impact of conditions caused by depletion of oxygen in the blood. 

In the modern aviation industry, all kinds of measures are taken against hypoxia. Most commercial flights operate at an altitude of 5,000 to 7,000 feet, increasing oxygen density from 10,000 feet. At 30,000 feet (commercial flights do not reach this altitude), 100% oxygen is given with pressure, and special clothing is used in this case.

Handling lack of oxygen on a plane

• Use supplemental oxygen: In the event of a medical emergency or if a passenger experiences severe symptoms due to lack of oxygen, the cabin crew can provide supplemental oxygen masks. Passengers should follow the instructions provided by the crew for proper usage.
• Stay hydrated: Drinking an adequate amount of water can help combat the effects of low cabin humidity, which can exacerbate the feeling of dryness in the throat and nose.
• Move around and stretch: Regularly moving and stretching your legs during the flight helps stimulate blood circulation and can alleviate some of the discomfort caused by reduced oxygen levels.
• Practice deep breathing exercises: Deep breathing exercises, such as inhaling slowly through the nose and exhaling through the mouth, can help increase oxygen intake and improve overall relaxation.
• Avoid excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption: Alcohol and caffeine can contribute to dehydration and further exacerbate the effects of low oxygen levels. It is advisable to limit or avoid consuming these substances during the flight. 

  

  Passengers on Air China flight CA106 from Hong Kong to Dalian put on oxygen masks. 

  Photo: Eugene Chow

  
  

  Experiencing hypoxia on a plane can be uncomfortable and may cause various symptoms. While modern aircraft are designed to maintain a safe and comfortable cabin environment, the reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes can still affect passengers. Recognizing the signs and knowing how to handle the phenomenon of lack of oxygen can help individuals have a more comfortable and enjoyable flight experience. By following the suggested tips and guidelines, passengers can mitigate the effects of low oxygen levels and arrive at their destination feeling refreshed and ready to continue their journey.